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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a lighting device (100), in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one laser light source (10) for generating excitation light at least one wavelength conversion element (20), which is adapted excitation light from the at least one Laser light source (10) in the form of an excitation light beam, at least one optical imaging element (30a, 30b, 30c; 31; 32), which in the form of light emitted by the wavelength conversion element (20) in the visible wavelength range at least one light distribution or a partial light distribution (LVa, LVb, LVc, LVd, LVe) is formed, and at least one beam deflection in the beam path between the at least one laser light source (10) and the at least one wavelength conversion element (20). The beam deflecting device is designed as an acousto-optic modulator (40) which comprises a solid-state medium (40a) optically transparent at least for excitation light of the at least one laser light source (10), which is irradiated with the excitation light beam, and wherein a control device (41) is provided by means of which sound waves with one frequency or several, in particular different frequencies, can be generated in the solid-state medium (40a) of the acousto-optical modulator (40) in accordance with predetermined or predefinable control parameters, so that the excitation light Light beam is deflected depending on the frequency of the applied sound waves to different areas (20a, 20b, 20c, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e) of a conversion element (20) and / or to different conversion elements.
    公开号:AT516743A4
    申请号:T50302/2015
    申请日:2015-04-16
    公开日:2016-08-15
    发明作者:Markus Reinprecht；Michael Riesenhuber
    申请人:Zizala Lichtsysteme Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Lighting device for a motor vehicle
    The invention relates to a lighting device, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising: at least one laser light source for generating excitation light; at least one wavelength conversion element configured to receive excitation light from the at least one laser light source in the form of an excitation light beam; at least one optical imaging element which images light emitted by the wavelength conversion element in the visible wavelength range in the form of at least one light distribution or a partial light distribution; and at least one beam deflection device in the beam path between the at least one laser light source and the at least one wavelength conversion element.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a lighting system for a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting system comprises two or more such lighting devices.
    Moreover, the invention relates to a motor vehicle headlight with one or more such lighting device (s) and / or with one or more such lighting system (s).
    Finally, the invention relates to a motor vehicle with one or two such Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerf he (s).
    Laser light sources (e.g., semiconductor lasers, laser diodes) have a number of special advantageous properties, such as those shown in FIG. high radiation intensities and a small light-emitting surface. In addition, the emitted light beams are largely collimated. In the present context, a laser light source is understood to mean a light source which comprises one or more semiconductor lasers and / or one or more laser diodes, which jointly emit a largely collimated light bundle.
    As a result, the use of laser light sources for illumination purposes has a number of advantages, e.g. Optical systems in which a laser light source is used as the light source can be realized with smaller focal lengths and more focused beam paths. This is not possible with less strongly collimated light bundles (for example of incandescent lamps or LEDs with a lambertian radiation characteristic). Thus, when using laser light sources, it is possible to realize optical systems for laser light with a small installation space.
    Lasers typically emit monochromatic light or light in a narrow wavelength range. However, in a vehicle headlamp, white mixed light is desired or prescribed by law for the radiated light, so that laser light sources in a vehicle headlamp can not be readily used.
    To convert monochromatic light into white or polychromatic light, in particular in connection with white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or luminescence-conversion LEDs, so-called conversion elements (also referred to in this text as wavelength conversion element) are frequently used. Such a conversion element is e.g. in the form of a photoluminescent converter or photoluminescent element or comprises at least one photoluminescence converter or at least one photoluminescent element. These usually have a photoluminescent dye.
    The light of a usually monochromatic (eg blue) light (also called "excitation light") emits the photoluminescent dye for photoluminescence, whereupon the photoluminescent dye itself emits light of other wavelengths (eg yellow) As a rule, a further portion of the incident light (excitation light) is scattered and / or reflected by the photoluminescent element, and the scattered and / or reflected light and the light emitted by photoluminescence superimpose on each other The mechanism of photoluminescence can be differentiated depending on the lifetime of the excited state into fluorescence (short life) and phosphorescence (long life).
    In the conversion elements, a distinction is made between reflective and transmissive conversion elements. In the case of reflective conversion elements, the light converted by the conversion element is emitted on the same side on which the excitation light strikes the conversion element. In transmissive conversion elements, the converted light is radiated from the side facing away from the side where the excitation light impinges.
    In classical headlamps, a shift in the light center or the displacement of a light distribution or a partial light distribution requires large installation space, since the entire light module or at least one lens must be mechanically pivoted. Other solutions in which a light distribution is generated with a plurality of light sources and in which solutions a shifting of the light distribution by switching on other light sources and optionally switching off other light sources, require the installation of a very large light output, from which for the generation of the respective active light distribution However, only a certain proportion can be used.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a solution for a lighting device, in particular for a lighting device for a motor vehicle, which requires a small installation space and which allows a light center shift or the shift of a part of a light distribution or a total light distribution.
    This object is achieved with an illumination device mentioned above in that, according to the invention, the at least one beam deflection device is designed as an acousto-optical modulator which comprises an optically transparent solid-state medium, at least for excitation light, of the at least one laser light source. Light beam is irradiated, and wherein sound waves with one frequency or more, in particular different frequencies in the solid state medium of the acousto-optic modulator can be generated - for example with a control device, which preferably at least one acousto-optic modulator according to predetermined or specifiable control parameters - so that the excitation light Lichtbün-del is deflected depending on the frequency of the applied sound waves to different areas of a conversion element and / or to different conversion elements.
    An acousto-optic modulator comprises a transparent, i. optically transparent solid state medium. A solid body is understood to mean, in particular, solids in the actual sense, glass and crystals. On the solid-state medium, a piezoelectric element is mounted in a region for generating sound waves, opposite is e.g. a sound absorber to avoid reflections and standing waves. The deflection of light in such an acousto-optic modulator functions according to the principle of diffraction of light on an optical grating. The optical grating consists in the density fluctuations of a sound wave passing through the crystal.
    In principle, the excitation light beam can radiate through the acousto-optic modulator (hereinafter also referred to as "AOM") without deflection, the light beam strikes a specific point of the conversion element or onto a specific conversion element, and a light distribution or a partial light distribution correspondingly becomes generated at a certain position in front of the vehicle or on a vertical screen at a distance in front of the lighting device.
    By applying sound waves of a suitable frequency, the excitation light-light beam can be deflected on its way through the acousto-optic modulator and impinges on another location of the conversion element or on another conversion element. Accordingly, that light-emitting region, which is ultimately responsible for generating the light distribution or the partial light distribution, is changed in position and, accordingly, the position of the light distribution or the partial light distribution in front of the vehicle or on the above-mentioned screen changes. If exactly one imaging system, for example a reflector or a lens, in particular a projection lens, is provided for producing the light distribution or the partial light distribution, the light spot on the conversion element is in focus in a non-deflected position, for example the position designated as the "basic position" By deflecting the laser beam, the light spot on the conversion element is no longer at the focal point of the imaging system, thus changing the shape of the generated image in addition to the position of the light distribution in the light image in front of the illumination device Light or partial light distribution, which can be used selectively.
    The use of an acousto-optic modulator has the further advantage that no mechanical parts must be used, as would be the case with the use of movable mirrors. In an acousto-optic modulator, the beam deflection takes place by the use of an acousto-optic effect, namely the Bragg scattering of electromagnetic radiation on sound waves in a medium. Light waves are diffracted at the induced sound waves and thereby change their propagation direction. In order to achieve the highest possible laser utilization rates, it is preferred to work exclusively in the first diffraction order.
    In principle, a plurality of conversion elements can be provided, but as a rule only exactly one conversion element is present. The following considerations apply to a single conversion element, but apply mutatis mutandis to two or more conversion elements.
    The conversion element has an area which is specifically illuminated by the focused laser light beam (excitation light beam). This laser spot on the conversion element is imaged by a downstream imaging element as light distribution, in particular as part of a light distribution in front of the illumination device (in the case of a vehicle-mounted state of the illumination device in front of the vehicle). The imaging element is, for example, a reflector or an imaging lens, as explained in greater detail below, but this imaging element can also be an optical system which has two or more optical components, such as lenses, reflectors, diaphragms, etc includes.
    By changing the position of the laser spot on the conversion element (on the irradiated surface), the imaged light distribution can now be controlled, i. In particular, their position can be changed. If the laser spot hits the conversion element, e.g. in the focal point of the imaging element, so a central light spot is displayed. If the conversion element is illuminated outside the focal point, then a further outward spot is imaged onto the street. If this is deliberately exploited, e.g. a Kurvenlichtfunktionen be realized.
    As a further light function, a targeted illumination can be realized. For this purpose, the laser beam is selectively guided over the conversion element such that the imaged light image can specifically track an object to be illuminated.
    It may be advantageous if a second acousto-optic modulator is arranged between a first acousto-optic modulator and the at least one wavelength conversion element whose solid-state medium is irradiated by the excitation light emerging from the first acousto-optic modulator, and wherein preferably the second and the first acousto-optical modulator are arranged relative to one another such that the propagation direction of the sound waves in the two acousto-optic modulators are orthogonal to one another.
    With such a configuration, different displacements of the light distribution can be generated. For example, it can be realized that the first AOM shifts the laser beam horizontally, and the second AOM generates a vertical displacement. The first AOM can thus horizontally shift a horizontal displacement of the generated light distribution, for example of the generated spot as part of a high beam distribution, and thus realize a cornering function. The vertical displacement achievable with the second AOM can be used for headlamp leveling, particularly for dynamic headlamp leveling (e.g., headlamp leveling to compensate for, for example, roadline, different loading conditions, etc.). Horizontal and vertical displacement (or in principle any two directions) can be realized simultaneously in a simple manner.
    It may be provided that the frequency of the sound waves applied to the at least one acousto-optic modulator is varied over time, for example by the control device being set up to vary the frequency of the sound waves over time.
    In order to shift the generated photograph, a fixed frequency is applied to the AOM. If this frequency remains unchanged, the light spot on the conversion element and, correspondingly, the generated light image remain at the respectively shifted position as long as the frequency remains unchanged. For example, To generate a "wandering" light spot on the conversion element and thus a traveling light image, the frequency is temporally varied according to the desired position of the light image.
    A certain deflection angle for the laser beam is thus converted by an associated sound frequency. If different deflection angles are to be implemented, e.g. as described above for a traveling light spot / a traveling (partial) light picture, the sound frequency is to be changed.
    Preferably, the generated sound waves are plane waves.
    It is advantageously provided that the at least one acousto-optic modulator is operated in the Bragg regime.
    In the Bragg regime (acoustic Bragg diffraction) diffraction of the incident beam is in a main direction (direction of incidence = direction of failure), the contract vectors fulfill the condition under the Bragg condition sin (0) = (light wavelength) / (2 * sound wavelength) and only first-order diffraction occurs.
    If the AOM is operated in the Bragg regime, the angle of incidence = deflection angle applies. For this purpose, the so-called Bragg equation must be satisfied. In order to reach the Bragg angle, thus a certain frequency (= fundamental frequency) is necessary, with which the AOM is operated. For a laser wavelength of, for example, 450 nm (eg, blue laser diode based on InGaN) for excitation of the conversion element and the use of, for example Telluroxid Te02 solid state medium of the acousto-optic modulator sound frequencies f for the sound waves in the GHz range to a Bragg angle of a few degrees to reach.
    The following relationships apply in the above example: sinO = "^ / mitn = refractive index (n = 2.26 in this example), Vs = speed of sound (4200 m / s), λ = vacuum wavelength of the laser (450 nm), fo = excitation frequency [Hz] and Θ = Bragg angle [°]. At a Bragg angle of 1.0 °, a frequency of f = 736 MHz results for the AOM in the Bragg regime under the conditions described above ,
    Preferably, to deflect the excitation light beam from a home position on the conversion element, the fundamental frequency fo corresponding to this home position is varied by an amount of + Af.
    The excitation frequency of the sound waves is increased from fo, at which the incident laser beam is deflected in the basic diffraction direction Θ, to fo + Af, thereby giving a larger diffraction angle θ + ΔΘ for the deflected laser beam.
    The angle Θ is the angle between the incident / outgoing laser beam and the normal direction to the propagation direction of the sound wave.
    The frequency change can be continuous or in discrete steps.
    The diffraction is typically done on plane waves. The possible angular range by which the diffracted light beam can be deflected is given by Δθ = (λ / Vs) * B. For laser light with a vacuum wavelength of 450 nm, ΔΘ = (450 nm / (nVs) * B results where n is the refractive index of the transparent medium of the AOM for a wavelength of 450 nm.
    The maximum bandwidth for the change of the frequency B = Afmax is preferably at a maximum fo / 2.
    It may be advantageous if the sound wave, in particular the plane sound wave has an opening angle öOs, i. in the propagation direction divergence ("angular divergence"). Preferably öOs> ΔΘ.
    It may be advantageous if the direction of propagation of the sound wave, in particular the plane sound wave, is variable. In particular, it is advantageous if the propagation direction is variable as a function of the frequency of the sound waves or the change in the frequency of the sound waves. The propagation direction is changed in such a way that the angle between the incident laser beam and the propagation direction of the sound wave changes. This ensures that even if the frequency of the AOM's sound waves changes, it will continue to operate in the Bragg regime.
    The change in the direction of the sound wave can be done, for example, by the use of two or more sounders, which are e.g. be operated with different phase.
    The change in the direction of the sound wave may alternatively or additionally be accomplished, for example, by the AOM, i. In particular, the optical transparent material and the at least one sound generator are rotatably arranged.
    It is preferably provided that the frequencies of the sound waves are in a range of 80-2500 MHz.
    It may be advantageous if exactly one optical imaging element or exactly one optical imaging element is provided for each conversion element.
    It can also be provided that exactly one optical imaging element is provided for each region of a conversion element in which excitation light can be deflected. In this embodiment, multiple illuminated areas on the conversion element can be assigned so that a focal point of the imaging element is ever in an illuminated area.
    The different imaging elements may be formed separately, but may also be formed as a component, for example, the imaging elements as different, for example horizontal, segments of a common reflector, each segment of the reflector is focused on a different area on the conversion element (ie the focal point of the respective segment lies in an assigned area) or is designed so that mainly light from a certain area reaches a respectively assigned segment of the reflector.
    It can be provided that one or more or all optical imaging elements (e) are each formed as a reflector or as reflectors.
    For example, these reflectors have a parabolic basic shape, the reflective surface may be additionally segmented.
    Alternatively or in a mixed embodiment, in which also one or more reflectors is / are provided, one or more optical imaging elements (e) are each formed as a lens or respectively formed from lenses. It can also be formed each imaging element as a lens or each formed from lenses.
    Such a lens or system of lenses consisting of two or more lenses preferably has a collecting effect in each case in total. Usually, the conversion element has a flat surface, which is hit by laser light. In such a case, a laser beam diffracted in the fundamental diffraction direction (corresponding to the frequency fo) is incident at an angle of e.g. 90 ° on the conversion element. By contrast, a beam deflected from the direction of fundamental diffraction according to the invention impinges at a different point on the conversion element at a different angle, in this example at an angle not equal to 90 °. Accordingly, not only the position of the light spot on the conversion element, but also the shape changes, which may be desirable in principle, but may also lead to an undesirable, "washed-out" light image.
    It can advantageously be provided that between the at least one conversion element and the at least one acousto-optic modulator, an optical deflection device is arranged, which consists of the at least one acousto-optic modulator or that acousto-optic modulator, which is closest to the conversion element, Exiting excitation light parallel to a basic direction of diffraction or normal to an application plane of the conversion element, on which the excitation light impinges deflects.
    By way of example, the deflection device comprises or consists of a lens arrangement for a telecentric objective.
    Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that between the at least one conversion element and the at least one acousto-optical modulator, an optical deflection device is arranged, which from the at least one acousto-optic modulator or that acousto-optic modulator, which is closest to the conversion element , Exiting excitation light deflects such that regardless of the deflection angle on a plane conversion element equal sized laser light spots are generated.
    For example, the redirecting device comprises an F-theta lens or an F-theta lens array or a lens array comprising at least one F-theta lens.
    The lighting device is preferably installed in a motor vehicle, and the control parameters at a defined time depend on a state of the motor vehicle at this defined time or on a state of the motor vehicle in a time interval around this defined time.
    The condition of the motor vehicle can be described, e.g. Steering angle and / or speed and / or acceleration of the vehicle and / or position data from a navigation device of the vehicle and / or camera data of the vehicle environment (for example, type and location of other road users) and / or road condition and / or road course (curves) or Dome / sink), etc.
    Preferably, the generated light distribution or partial light distribution is displaceable in the horizontal and / or vertical direction, in particular when viewed on a vertical screen at a defined distance, e.g. 10 or 25 meters, in front of the lighting device.
    For example, it is provided that the partial light distribution generated forms part of a high beam distribution, in particular a, preferably central, maximum spot of the high beam distribution.
    In an illumination system according to the invention, which has two or more illumination devices described above, it can be provided that each of the illumination devices forms a partial light distribution, which partial light distributions, for example, next to each other and / or one above the other, adjacent to each other and / or adjacent partial light distribution are partially overlapping each other.
    Preferably, the illumination devices lie next to one another in the manner of a matrix and, if appropriate, in rows one above the other (either directly adjoining one another or at a distance from one another) and produce adjacent strip-shaped partial light distributions. For example, the illumination devices have reflectors as imaging elements. By shifting the illuminated on the conversion elements with the individual laser beams areas, the partial light distributions can be moved and converted in this way cornering light. The shifting is preferably carried out quickly with a high image repetition rate of, for example, about 100 Hz -10 kHz (depending on the particular application), preferably at 200 Hz - 1 kHz.
    The refresh rate is the rate at which the individual partial light distributions of the series are activated in rapid succession in rapid succession. By a sufficiently large rate gives the impression of a total light distribution. The image repetition rate is thus that rate or indicates the frequency with which the frequency for generating the sound waves in an AOM is changed.
    This repetition rate is for the superposition of the partial light distributions to an overall picture structure, e.g. In a matrix fite, individual partial light distributions are activated in a short sequence and the driver has the impression of a total high beam distribution. Since the AOM can be operated quickly, image repetition rates in the kilohertz range can be realized.
    A cornering light function is created by shifting the center of gravity by using adjacent "focal points." For curve lighting functionality, however, a high frame rate is not necessary.
    As another spruce function it would also be conceivable to realize a targeted illumination. The fiber jet would have to be guided over the phosphor in such a way that the imaged spruce image can specifically track an object to be illuminated. For further light functions, of course, a special optic must be designed in each case in order to achieve the optimum result. For example, for a targeted lighting a rather narrow but vertically high light strip would be beneficial. However, the exact design of this optics is not part of the invention.
    In the following the invention is discussed in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this shows
    1 is a purely schematic representation of a first invention lighting treatment device,
    2 is a purely schematic representation of a second lighting device according to the invention,
    3 is a purely schematic representation of a third invention lighting treatment device,
    4 is a purely schematic representation of a fourth invention lighting treatment device,
    5 schematically shows a shift of a partial light distribution with a lighting device according to the present invention,
    Fig. 6 shows a schematic structure of an AOM with schematically indicated planar
    Sound wave
    7 shows a construction as in FIG. 6 with a plane sound wave which has an opening angle,
    8 is a schematic structure of an inventive arrangement for verti cal and horizontal deflection of a light distribution or partial light distribution,
    9a shows a schematic arrangement for generating a left part of a light distribution,
    9b shows a schematic arrangement for generating the right part of the Lichtver distribution,
    9c shows the light distribution resulting from superimposition of the partial light distributions from FIGS. 9a and 9b,
    10a shows an arrangement for targeted areas in front of a motor vehicle,
    Fig. 10b shows a corresponding light distribution, and
    Fig. 11 shows a known arrangement according to the prior art.
    FIG. 11 shows a lighting device 100 'for a motor vehicle according to the prior art. This illumination device 100 'comprises a laser light source 10' for generating excitation light (laser light), a wavelength conversion element 20 'which is set up to excite light from the laser light source 10' in the form of an excitation light. Receive light-light beam, and in the example shown, three optical imaging element 30a ', 30b', 30c 'in the form of reflectors, which are associated with the conversion element 20'. The reflectors 30a '- 30c' form light which is emitted by the wavelength conversion element 20 'in the visible wavelength range, in the form of a light distribution or a partial light distribution in an area in front of the lighting device or a motor vehicle, in which the lighting device is installed is off.
    As can be seen in Fig. 11, a deflection element 26 is provided in the form of a deflection mirror. Incident laser light is deflected by the mirror 26 into a region 20a 'of the conversion element 20', which region 20a 'emits light in the visible wavelength range, and which is imaged by the reflector 30a' as light distribution as described above.
    The mirror 26 is adjustable in alignment with an actuator 27, for example, the mirror 26 is about an axis not shown, e.g. normal to the drawing level, swiveling. Thereby, the incident light beam can be directed to another area on the conversion element 20c ', e.g. the area 20b 'or 20c' are deflected. The visible light emitted from these areas is imaged by the reflectors 30b 'and 30c' as light distribution, these light distributions in the light image in front of the motor vehicle being at locations other than the light distribution which is generated by the reflector 20a '.
    A disadvantage of such a known arrangement is that for illumination of different areas on the conversion element 20 'moving parts, such as a movable mirror are necessary.
    According to an illumination device 100 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1, it is therefore provided that the deflection of the laser beam is effected by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 40. Specifically, the schematic representation of Figure 1 shows a lighting device 100 for a motor vehicle, which comprises a laser light source 10 for generating and emitting excitation light (laser light), further comprises the illumination device 100, a wavelength conversion element 20 which is adapted to Receive excitation light from the laser light source 10 in the form of an excitation light beam, and in the example shown three optical imaging element 30a, 30b, 30c in the form of reflectors which the conversion element 20, ie different areas 20a, 20b, 20c of the conversion element 20 are assigned. Preferably, the or a focal point of a reflector 30a, 30b, 30c respectively in the associated region 20a, 20b, 20c of the conversion element 20th
    The reflectors 30a-30c form light which is emitted by the wavelength conversion element 20 in the visible wavelength range in the regions 20a, 20b, 20c in the form of a light distribution or a partial light distribution in a region in front of the illumination device 100 or a motor vehicle into which the lighting device 100 is installed, from.
    Between the laser light source 10 and the conversion element 20, an AOM 40 is provided according to the invention. In this case, the AOM 40 comprises a solid-state medium 40a which is optically transparent at least for the excitation light of the laser light source 10. This solid state medium 40a is e.g. arranged in a base body or forms such a base body 40a.
    An acoustic, in particular an ultrasound-based actuator 42, which can transmit an acoustic wave (sound wave) SW to an absorber 43 mounted on an opposite side of the main body 40a, is attached to one edge of the main body 40a.
    A control device 41 is provided by means of which the AOM 40 can control according to predetermined or predefinable control parameters, in particular the control device 41 controls the actuator 42, so that sound waves with a frequency, in particular with several, in particular different frequencies in the solid-state medium 40a of the acousto-optic modulator 40 can be generated. This means that the frequency of the sound waves present in the AOM 40, i. in the optically transparent solid-state medium 40a of the AOM 40, are variable, in particular temporally variable.
    The acoustic wave SW generates different optical densities within the base body 40a, so that the AOM 40 is able to deflect the beam path of the incident laser beam, since the beam path can be diffracted by the resulting optical grating. By setting different frequencies of the acoustic wave SW, it is possible to produce different deflection or diffraction angles, so that, depending on the applied frequency of the diffracted by the AOM 40, diffracted laser beam in different
    Regions 20a, 20b, 20c impinges on the conversion element 20. It is provided that the deflection angle 0 of the control device 41, preferably on the basis of the above-mentioned parameters, can be determined.
    In the switched-on state, the laser light source 10 preferably emits continuously a laser beam, which is preferably controllable with regard to the desired intensity. However, it can also be provided that laser light is emitted pulsed. In this latter case, it is preferably provided that the control device 41 further ensures that a complete light pulse of the light source 10 is always deflected, light source 10 and AOM 40 are thus operated preferably synchronized in this case. It can be provided that during the time in which a sound wave of certain frequency is generated, exactly one laser light pulse is transmitted through the AOM, but it can also be provided that a plurality of laser light pulses are sent in this period of constant frequency by the AOM.
    FIG. 1 shows three different deflection angles for the diffracted laser beam, corresponding to three different frequencies for the sound waves in the AOM 40, correspondingly different areas 20a, 20b, 20c of the conversion element 40 are illuminated with the laser beam, from which areas then mixed light is radiated as described above and is imaged by the respective associated reflector 30a, 30b, 30c.
    FIG. 2 shows a construction comparable to FIG. 1, with the difference that the imaging means is provided here in the form of a single reflector 31. With this arrangement, the focus of the reflector 31 is e.g. in the region 20a of the conversion element 20, light emerging from the region 20a is imaged in a correspondingly focused manner by the reflector 31. Light from the areas 20b, 20c, which are not in the focus of the reflector 31, are shown defocused accordingly. A light or partial light distribution generated with the region 20a is correspondingly sharply imaged, while a light or partial light distribution generated with the regions 20b, 20c is imaged blurred.
    In an embodiment according to FIG. 1, the light or partial light distribution from the three regions 20a to 20c shown in focus is sharply imaged.
    Depending on the desired effect can be selected between the arrangements of Figure 1 (of course, with a different number of light spots and reflectors than shown in Figure 1, eg 2 reflectors but also 4 or more reflectors) and Figure 2, also mixed forms are possible, in one or more areas on the conversion element have their own reflectors, while other areas have their own common reflector.
    FIG. 3 shows a modification of the lighting device 100 from FIG. 2, wherein these modifications can be provided in the same way in the case of an arrangement from FIG. 1 or mixed forms as described above. As a modification it is provided that between the conversion element 20 and the acousto-optic modulator 40, an optical deflection device 50 is arranged, which from the acousto-optic modulator 40 exiting excitation light parallel to the basic diffraction direction or normal to an application plane of the conversion element (20 ), on which the excitation light impinges, deflects.
    By way of example, the deflection device 50 comprises an F-theta lens or an F-theta lens arrangement or a lens arrangement which comprises at least one F-theta lens or consists of at least one thereof.
    Such an F-theta optic is shaped or can be shaped such that the laser beam, regardless of the extent of the deflection on the (or in) planar conversion element occupies an equally large excitation area (volume), regardless of the deflection angle through the AOM. Thus, the appearance (size, shape) of the generated (partial) light distribution remains essentially unchanged even when moving. Usually, the conversion element 40 is formed as shown as a flat surface or has a flat surface (application plane) on which the laser light impinges. In such a case, a laser beam diffracted in the fundamental diffraction direction (corresponding to the frequency fo) is incident at an angle of e.g. 90 ° on the conversion element. This case is provided by alternative or additional optics - e.g. a telecentric lens - implemented, which sets the conversion element in a telecentric beam path. On the other hand, a beam deflected from the direction of fundamental diffraction according to the invention strikes at a different angle, in this example at an angle not equal to 90 °, at a position on the conversion element. Accordingly, not only the position of the light spot on the conversion element, but also the shape changes, which may be desirable in principle, but can also lead to an undesirable, "washed-out" light image.
    FIG. 4 shows yet another embodiment in which a lens 32, which preferably has a collecting effect, is provided by way of example as an optical imaging element. FIG. 4 further shows in an advantageous manner an optical deflection device 50 as described with reference to FIG. 3; this deflection device 50 is optional.
    The focal point of the lens 32 is in one of the regions 20a-20c, e.g. in the area 20a. Alternatively it can be provided that a separate, preferably light-collecting, lens is provided for each area. Mixed forms as described above with reference to reflectors are also possible in embodiments with lenses.
    FIG. 5 shows purely schematically a horizontal displacement of a partial light distribution of a light image according to the invention. Depending on the applied frequency, the conversion element 20 is irradiated with laser light to an AOM (not shown) in one of the regions 20a-20e, light emerging from the respective region 20a-20e is imaged via an imaging element as described above into an area in front of the illumination device. Depending on the region 20a-20e, the (partial) light distribution LVa-LVe thus produced is located on the conversion element at a different location in the light image, wherein in the example shown the (partial) light distribution is shifted in the horizontal direction.
    FIG. 6 shows an AOM 40 in an enlarged view. As described above, in the AOM 40, a sound wave SW is generated by applying a frequency fo, the sound wave SW is preferably a plane wave SW having a propagation direction R. A laser beam S1 is incident on the AOM 40 at an angle 0i, with the Angle normal to the propagation direction R of the sound wave SW are measured.
    After the AOM 40 is made of an optically transparent medium 40a, without applied sound waves, the laser beam without deflection would penetrate the AOM in a straight line and emerge again from the AOM 40 as the laser beam S2.
    By applying a frequency, a deflection of the laser beam S1 now occurs, which emerges as the laser beam S2 'from the AOM 40 again. The laser beam S2 'is deflected by an angle Θ2.
    As already described above, it is advantageous if the AOM 40 operates in the Bragg regime, so that Οι = Θ2 = 0, where 0 is the so-called Bragg angle, which is the sin (0) already explained in detail above. Condition must be fulfilled.
    In order for the Bragg condition to be fulfilled, the AOM 40 is operated with a so-called "fundamental frequency" fo, at which the angle of incidence = deflection angle = 0 applies.
    The following relationships apply in the above example: sinQ = ^ fo / Vs, with n = refractive index (in this example n = 2.26), Vs = sound velocity (4200 m / s) along a specific crystal orientation, λο = vacuum wavelength of the laser (450 nm), fo = excitation frequency [Hz] and 0 = Bragg angle [°]. For a Bragg angle of 1.0 °, a frequency of f = 736 MHz is therefore necessary under the material conditions described above when the AOM works in the Bragg regime.
    For deflecting the excitation light beam from a home position on the conversion element, the fundamental frequency fo corresponding to this basic position is varied by an amount of + Af.
    The excitation frequency of the sound waves is increased from fo, at which the incident laser beam Sl is deflected in the basic diffraction direction 0 (S2 '), to fo + Af, resulting in a larger diffraction angle 0 + ΔΘ for the deflected laser beam S2 ".
    The angle 0 is the angle between the incident / outgoing laser beam and the normal direction to the propagation direction of the sound wave.
    The frequency change can be continuous or in discrete steps.
    The maximum possible angular range by which the diffracted light beam S2 'can be deflected in one direction results in Δθ = (λ / Vs) * B. For laser light with a vacuum
    Wavelength of λο = 450 nm thus gives ΔΘ = (450 nm / (nVs) * B, where n is the refractive index of the transparent medium of the AOM for a wavelength of 450 nm.
    Thus, the maximum deflection range of Obis is 0 + ΔΘ for frequencies of fo + B.
    The bandwidth B = Afmax is preferably at a maximum fo / 2.
    As FIG. 7 shows, it may be advantageous if the sound wave, in particular the plane sound wave SW, has an aperture angle δθβ, i. the wave SW diverge in the propagation direction ("angular divergence"). Preferably, δθβ> ΔΘ.
    In general, it may be advantageous if-for even sound waves with as well as without an opening angle-the propagation direction of the sound wave, in particular the plane sound wave, can be changed. In particular, it is advantageous if the propagation direction is variable as a function of the frequency of the sound waves or the change in the frequency of the sound waves. The propagation direction is changed in such a way that the angle between the incident laser beam and the propagation direction of the sound wave changes. This ensures that even if the frequency of the AOM's sound waves changes, it will continue to operate in the Bragg regime.
    The change in the direction of the sound wave can be done, for example, by the use of two or more sounders, which are e.g. be operated with different phase.
    The change in the direction of the sound wave may alternatively or additionally be accomplished, for example, by the AOM, i. In particular, the optical transparent material and the at least one sound generator are rotatably arranged.
    FIG. 8 shows a lighting device with two AOMs 40, wherein the first AOM seen in the light propagation direction is e.g. causing a horizontal deflection of the laser beam S1 and the second AOM 40 causes a vertical deflection of the passing through the first AOM 40 laser beam. Thus, with the lighting device shown, both a horizontal deflection of the generated (partial) light distribution, e.g. for a cornering light, as well as a vertical deflection of the generated (partial) light distribution for adjusting the height of the light distribution, for example, to adjust the range and / or glare to avoid realized.
    If both AOMs are operated at their respective fundamental frequency, the illuminated spot is located on the conversion element 20, for example in the area B00, the frequency of the first AOM is changed, the illuminated area B00 shifts horizontally to BIO (cornering light), the frequency of the second AOM changed, the illuminated area B00 moves vertically to BOI (height adjustment), both frequencies are changed, there is both a horizontal and vertical shift to Bll. The generated light distribution LV00 (corresponding to B00) accordingly shifts in the light image to LV10 (BIO), LV01 (BOI) or LV11 (Bll).
    FIGS. 9a-9c show an arrangement in which a matrix light distribution is realized. The image repetition rates in this application are preferably in the kilohertz range.
    Fig. 9a symbolizes a left-hand headlamp, Fig. 9b symbolizes a right-hand headlamp. A first conversion element 201, installed in the vehicle in a left-hand headlight, is illuminated by a first laser light source via an AOM according to the present invention (FIG. 9a). With this arrangement, a left area is created in the light image. FIG. 9b shows a second illumination device in which a second conversion element 202 -right headlight, according to the invention, can be irradiated with laser light. The four regions 20a '- 20d' are shown by way of example. With this second illumination device, a right area is illuminated in the light image.
    It should be noted at this point that in this example, as in all previous examples, discrete, delimited areas were always displayed, which are irradiated on a conversion element with laser light. This can correspond to the actual conditions, ie, it can be provided that in fact only discrete areas of the conversion element are illuminated (the transition is then either so fast that intermediate positions in the photograph are not or hardly recognizable or it is when changing the illuminated area the Laser light source switched off), but it can also be a "spatially continuous" illumination, in which the transition between adjacent illuminated areas is continuous.
    According to the invention, different regions 20a-20d of the first conversion element 201 can be illuminated in sequence at a specific image repetition rate, depending on the illuminated region 20a-20d, a partial light distribution LVa-LVd is generated in the light image in the left region of the light image. Furthermore, different regions 20a-20d of the first conversion element 201 can be illuminated sequentially at the image repetition rate; depending on the illuminated region 20a-20d, a partial light distribution LVa-LVd is generated in the light image in the left region of the light image.
    Ligur 9c shows a total light distribution Lges generated with the two illumination devices, as shown by a viewer as a continuous illuminated area due to the image repetition rate. Since the individual partial light images are successively activated quickly enough in quick succession, a complete light image appears (total light distribution).
    The area HV-max symbolizes a learning light maximum, since partial light distributions of the right and the left lighting device overlap in this area. The dash-dotted area free additionally represents a fade-out scenario in which the corresponding area in the light image is e.g. is not illuminated due to oncoming traffic, in which the laser light beam for the period in which this area is not to be illuminated, is not directed to the corresponding area on the conversion element.
    Ligur 10a shows an arrangement in analogy to Ligur 5. Similarly as shown and described in Ligur 5, by illuminating different areas 20a-20e on a conversion element 20, different partial light distributions LVa-LVe can be generated, which according to the invention vary in the horizontal direction Positions are located.
    Ligur 10b shows a low beam distribution LVA which is e.g. is generated with its own lighting unit. By switching on the laser light source, this partial beam distribution can be superimposed with a partial light distribution, e.g. as shown by illuminating the area LVb on the conversion element 20, the partial light distribution LVb, so that an object or subject can be targeted illuminated in this area.
    A lighting device according to the invention is preferably installed in a motor vehicle as described above. The lighting device is part of a vehicle headlight or the lighting device forms a vehicle headlight.
    As described above, a control device 41 is provided, with which the one or the optionally two or more AOMs are controlled. If this is necessary for the specific application, the control device can additionally control the spruce source.
    The control device 41 may be part of the lighting device, but it may also be part of the vehicle headlight or the motor vehicle.
    Preferably, the control device controls the one or more AOMs on the basis of control parameters, from which results the desired deflection angle of the spruce distribution or a partial light distribution in the light image or in an overall light distribution.
    These control parameters at a defined time or in a defined time interval depend on the state of the motor vehicle, preferably on the state at this defined time / in this defined time interval or on a state of the motor vehicle in a time interval at this defined time.
    The state of the motor vehicle can be described, for example, or can result, for example, from the following vehicle "properties": eg steering angle of the vehicle speed of the vehicle acceleration of the vehicle position of the vehicle, whereby the position data eg resulting from a navigation device of the vehicle • camera data of the vehicle environment (for example, type and location of other road users or objects) • road condition • road course (curves, crests, depressions).
    This enumeration is merely exemplary, and the control parameters may be any of the combinations of the above and other vehicle and / or environment properties listed above (referred to as vehicle "characteristics"), where the condition is at different time points or time intervals each can also result from different vehicle "properties".
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    claims
    1. lighting device (100), in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising: at least one laser light source (10) for generating excitation light; at least one wavelength conversion element (20) which is adapted to receive excitation light from the at least one laser light source (10) in the form of an excitation light beam; at least one optical imaging element (30a, 30b, 30c; 31; 32) which emits light emitted by the wavelength-wavelength conversion element (20) in the visible wavelength range in the form of at least one light distribution or partial light distribution (LVa, LVb, LVc , LVd, LVe); and at least one beam deflection device in the beam path between the at least one laser light source (10) and the at least one wavelength conversion element (20), characterized in that the at least one beam deflection device is designed as an acousto-optic modulator (40), which at least for Excitation light of the at least one laser light source (10) optically transparent solid-state medium (40a) which is irradiated with the excitation light beam, and wherein sound waves having one or more frequencies, in particular different frequencies in the solid state medium (40a ) of the acousto-optic modulator (40) can be generated - for example with a control device (41), which controls the at least one acousto-optic modulator (40) preferably according to predetermined or predefinable control parameters - so that the excitation light-light bundle depending on the frequency of the applied sound waves on different divalent areas (20a, 20b, 20c; 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e) of a conversion element (20) and / or is deflected to different conversion elements.
    [2]
    2. Lighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a second acousto-optic modulator is arranged between a first acousto-optic modulator and the at least one wavelength conversion element, the solid-state medium of which emerges from the one emerging from the first acousto-optic modulator Excitation light is irradiated, and wherein preferably the second and the first acousto-optical modulator are arranged to each other such that the propagation direction of the sound waves in the two acousto-optic modulators are orthogonal to each other.
    [3]
    3. Lighting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frequency of the at least one acousto-optical modulator (40) applied sound waves is varied over time, for example by the control device (41) is adapted to the frequency of the sound waves in time vary.
    [4]
    4. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the generated sound waves are plane waves (SW).
    [5]
    5. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one acousto-optical modulator (40) is operated in the Bragg regime.
    [6]
    6. Lighting device according to claim 5, characterized in that for the deflection of the excitation light beam from a basic position on the conversion element, the basic position corresponding to this basic frequency fo is varied by an amount of + Af.
    [7]
    7. Lighting device according to claim 6, characterized in that the frequency change takes place continuously or in discrete steps.
    [8]
    8. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the frequencies of the sound waves in a range of 80 - 2500 MHz.
    [9]
    9. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that exactly one optical imaging element (31, 32) or for each conversion element (20) exactly one optical imaging element (31, 32) is provided.
    [10]
    10. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for each region (20a, 20b, 20c) of a conversion element (20) in which excitation light is deflected, exactly one optical imaging element (30a, 30b, 30c) is provided.
    [11]
    11. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that one or more optical imaging element (s) (30a, 30b, 30c, 31) are formed as a reflector or reflectors.
    [12]
    12. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that one or more optical imaging element (s) (32) formed as a lens or are formed from lenses.
    [13]
    13. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that between the at least one conversion element (20) and the at least one acousto-optical modulator (40) an optical deflection device (50) is arranged, which from the at least one acoustic optical modulator (40) or that acousto-optical modulator which is closest to the conversion element (20), exiting excitation light parallel to a basic diffraction direction or normal to an application plane of the conversion element (20) on which the excitation light impinges , diverts.
    [14]
    14. Lighting device according to claim 13, characterized in that the deflection device (50) comprises or consists of a lens arrangement for a telecentric lens.
    [15]
    15. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that between the at least one conversion element (20) and the at least one acousto-optical modulator (40) an optical deflection device (50) is arranged, which from the at least one acoustic optical modulator (40) or that acousto-optical modulator, which is the conversion element (20) closest to deflecting excitation light such that regardless of the deflection angle on a plane conversion element equal laser light spots are generated.
    [16]
    16. Lighting device according to claim 15, characterized in that the deflection device (50) comprises an F-theta lens or an F-theta lens arrangement or a lens arrangement which comprises at least one F-theta lens.
    [17]
    17. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the lighting device is installed in a motor vehicle and the control parameters at a defined time of a state of the motor vehicle at this defined time or by a state of the motor vehicle in a time interval around this depend on the defined date.
    [18]
    18. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the generated light distribution or partial light distribution in the horizontal and / or vertical direction is displaceable.
    [19]
    19. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the partial light distribution generated forms part of a high beam distribution, in particular one, preferably central, maximum spot of the high beam distribution.
    [20]
    20. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the sound waves, in particular the plane sound waves in the solid state medium (40a) has an opening angle 80s, wherein preferably applies that 80s> ΔΘ, where ΔΘ the maximum deflection angle of the laser beam from a basic direction of bowing.
    [21]
    21. Lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the propagation direction of the sound waves, in particular of the planar sound waves, is variable, wherein preferably the propagation direction in dependence on the frequency of the sound waves or the change of the frequency of the sound waves is variable.
    [22]
    22 lighting system comprising two or more lighting device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that each of the illumination devices forms a partial light distribution, which partial light distributions, for example, side by side and / or one above the other, adjacent to each other and / or adjacent partial light distribution are partially overlapping each other, arranged.
    [23]
    23. Motor vehicle headlight with one or more lighting devices according to one of claims 1 to 21 and / or with a lighting system according to claim 22.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2018513534A|2018-05-24|
    WO2016164945A1|2016-10-20|
    EP3283816A1|2018-02-21|
    JP6499313B2|2019-04-10|
    CN108076652B|2021-04-02|
    US20180101084A1|2018-04-12|
    EP3283816B1|2020-03-25|
    US10386696B2|2019-08-20|
    CN108076652A|2018-05-25|
    AT516743B1|2016-08-15|
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    法律状态:
    2016-11-15| HC| Change of the firm name or firm address|Owner name: ZKW GROUP GMBH, AT Effective date: 20161014 |
    优先权:
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    CN201680035089.2A| CN108076652B|2015-04-16|2016-02-24|Lighting device for a motor vehicle|
    EP16709689.0A| EP3283816B1|2015-04-16|2016-02-24|Illumination apparatus for a motor vehicle|
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